Well-known document markup languages
- HyperText Markup Language (HTML) – the original markup language that was defined as a part of implementing World Wide Web, an ad hoc defined language inspired by the meta format SGML and which inspired many other markup languages.
- Extensible HyperText Markup Language (XHTML): HTML reformulated in XML syntax.
- XHTML Basic – a subset of XHTML for simple (typically mobile, handheld) devices. It is meant to replace WML, and C-HTML.
- XHTML Mobile Profile (XHTML MP) – a standard designed for mobile phones and other resource-constrained devices.
- Mathematical Markup Language (MathML)
- Rich Text Format (RTF) – Microsoft format for exchanging documents with other vendors’ applications.
- Scalable Vector Graphics (SVG)
- TeX, LaTeX – a format for describing complex type and page layout often used for mathematics, technical, and academic publications.
- Extensible 3D (X3D)
Metalanguages
- Standard Generalized Markup Language (SGML) – a standard pattern for markup languages to which HTML and DocBook adhere.
- Extensible Markup Language (XML) – a newer standard pattern for markup languages; a restricted form of SGML that is intended to be compatible with it.
Lesser-known document markup languages
(including some lightweight markup languages)
- Chemical Markup Language (CML)
- Compact HyperText Markup Language (C-HTML) – used for some mobile phones.
- ConTeXt – a modular, structured formatting language based on TeX.
- Crossmark – common markup with macros.
- Darwin Information Typing Architecture (DITA)
- DocBook – format for technical (but not only) manuals and documentation.
- eLML – eLesson Markup Language: create eLearning content
- Encoded Archival Description (EAD)
- Enriched text – for formatting e-mail text.
- Generalized Markup Language (GML)
- Guide Markup Language (GuideML) – used by the Hitchhiker’s Guide site.
- Handheld Device Markup Language (HDML) – designed for smartphones and handheld computers.
- Help Markup Language (HelpML)
- Hypermedia/Time-based Structuring Language (HyTime)
- HyperTeX – for including hyperlinks in TeX (and LaTeX) documents.
- Information Presentation Facility (IPF) – is a system for presenting online help and hypertext on IBM OS/2 systems. It is also the default help file format used by the cross-platform fpGUI Toolkitproject.
- Lilypond – a system for music notation.
- LinuxDoc – used by the Linux Documentation Project.
- Lout – a document formatting functional programming language, similar in style to LaTeX.
- Mail Markup Language (MML) – a markup language for describing and structuring email headers and content.
- Maker Interchange Format (MIF)
- Microsoft Assistance Markup Language (MAML)
- Music Encoding Initiative (MEI)
- Music Extensible Markup Language (MusicXML)
- Open Mathematical Documents (OMDoc)
- OpenMath – a markup language for mathematical formulae which can complement MathML.
- Plain Old Documentation (POD) – a simple, platform-independent documentation tool for Perl.
- Remote Telescope Markup Language (RTML)
- Retail Template Markup Language (RTML) – e-commerce language which is based on LisP.
- Revisable-Form Text (RFT) – part of IBM‘s Document Content Architecture to allow transfer of formatted documents to other systems.
- S1000D – international specification for technical documentation related to commercial or military; aerospace, sea or land; vehicles or equipment.
- SKiCal – a machine-readable format for the interchange of enhanced yellow-page directory listings.
- Text Encoding Initiative (TEI) – Guidelines for text encoding in the humanities, social sciences and linguistics.
- Texinfo – GNU documentation format.
- troff (typesetter runoff), groff (GNU runoff)
- Wikitext – used in Wikipedia, MediaWiki and other Wiki installations.
- Wireless Markup Language (WML), Wireless TV Markup Language (WTVML)
- Extensible Application Markup Language (XAML) XML based user interface markup language
- Z Format – an open, document and typesetting language inspired by TeX.
Office document markup languages
- Compound Document Format
- Office Open XML (OOXML) – open standard format for office documents:
- SpreadsheetML – spreadsheet language, part of Office Open XML.
- PresentationML – presentations language, part of Office Open XML.
- WordprocessingML wordprocessing language, part of Office Open XML.
- Microsoft Office 2003 XML formats, predecessor of Office Open XML.
- OpenDocument (ODF) – open standard format for office documents.
- OpenOffice.org XML – predecessor of OpenDocument.
- ReportML – Report format language originating from Microsoft Access. (not a part of Office Open XML (yet))
- Uniform Office Format (UOF) – open format for office documents, being harmonised with OpenDocument.
